Spaces for Memory
Over a decade, the camp confined individuals from both the Republican side and members of international brigades, the allied side, Nazis and collaborators, forcing international coexistence.
In order to preserve the memory of all these people, different types of trees have been planted which evoke their countries of origin.
This setting, together with the Visitors’ Centre and the remains of the Concentration Camp that can be visited, are an invitation to the knowledge, the memory and the dialogue of our recent history.
THE GARDEN
OF MEMORY
Over a decade, the camp confined individuals from both the Republican side and members of international brigades, the allied side, Nazis and collaborators, forcing international coexistence.
In order to preserve the memory of all these people, different types of trees have been planted which evoke their countries of origin.
This setting, together with the Visitors’ Centre and the remains of the Concentration Camp that can be visited, are an invitation to the knowledge, the memory and the dialogue of our recent history.
Over a decade, the camp confined individuals from both the Republican side and members of international brigades, the allied side, Nazis and collaborators, forcing international coexistence.
In order to preserve the memory of all these people, different types of trees have been planted which evoke their countries of origin.
This setting, together with the Visitors’ Centre and the remains of the Concentration Camp that can be visited, are an invitation to the knowledge, the memory and the dialogue of our recent history.
BAJO
PARK
The other councillors were also commemorated, and five streets in the Ronda del Ferrocarril expansion were named in their honour.
In 1931, councillor Eguíluz retired for reasons of ill health; he was the point of reference for socialism in the City of Miranda. He also retired from management of the party. The socialist militants chose Emiliano to replace him. With the proclamation of the Second Republic, he was chosen to be a Councillor in Miranda, and in 1936 he was elected as Mayor to the city.
He was very hard-working, and he combined his tailor’s trade, from which he made a living, with his work as a politician in charge of the City Hall, where he would go early every morning to take an interest in the city’s problems and solve them. Most afternoons he was to be found in the Casa del Pueblo (the Civic House) where he would engage in conversations and listen to proposals from comrades, and also to their complaints.
A cultured man, and a good orator, he was a member of the Izquierda Republicana (Republican Left) Party and he was passionate about culture and the theatre. He worked to relieve workers’ unemployment, in the construction of the Instituto de Enseñanza Media (Secondary School), the subdivision of the Prado district; the construction of the drainage system in Pi y Maragall and Castillo Streets, pavements in Ramón y Cajal and Joaquín Costa Streets, running water for the Matillas and Californias quarters, public streetlighting, promotion of trade fairs and a first car show, improvements in the Firefighter Brigade, and stabilization of the prices of basic necessities.
Miranda de Ebro Municipal Corporation in 1931.
Emiliano is the fifth from the right
At the time of the 18th July Fascist coup, Emiliano tried to defend the city, and took part in the Committee in defense of the city in the Casa del Pueblo, even sending one of the City Councillors, Isidoro García de Albéniz Martínez, to the Guipuzcoan city of Eibar for weapons; the councillor was intercepted on his journey by the insurgents, and he was shot dead in August 1936.
The confrontation on July 19 between those loyal to the Republic and the perpetrators of the coup who had come from Burgos ended in the taking of the city by the insurgents.
Reprisals against the population began with shootings in the area known as La Arboleda. Mayor Emiliano Bajo, various councillors of the Popular Front and militia who defended the city were taken to the Burgos Central Prison.
At the end of August, a summary trial was held for Mayor Emiliano Bajo and another 51 persons.
Sentence was given on September 8, and Emiliano and 42 others were to be condemned to death for “Aiding the Rebellion”.
On September 18 1936, Emiliano Bajo and the 42 condemned men and women were executed by firing squad in the Burgos Central Prison yard, and then taken to the San José Cemetery to be buried in a common grave, where they still remain, 81 years on.
The other councillors were also commemorated, and five streets in the Ronda del Ferrocarril expansion were named in their honour.
In 1931, councillor Eguíluz retired for reasons of ill health; he was the point of reference for socialism in the City of Miranda. He also retired from management of the party. The socialist militants chose Emiliano to replace him. With the proclamation of the Second Republic, he was chosen to be a Councillor in Miranda, and in 1936 he was elected as Mayor to the city.
He was very hard-working, and he combined his tailor’s trade, from which he made a living, with his work as a politician in charge of the City Hall, where he would go early every morning to take an interest in the city’s problems and solve them. Most afternoons he was to be found in the Casa del Pueblo (the Civic House) where he would engage in conversations and listen to proposals from comrades, and also to their complaints.
A cultured man, and a good orator, he was a member of the Izquierda Republicana (Republican Left) Party and he was passionate about culture and the theatre. He worked to relieve workers’ unemployment, in the construction of the Instituto de Enseñanza Media (Secondary School), the subdivision of the Prado district; the construction of the drainage system in Pi y Maragall and Castillo Streets, pavements in Ramón y Cajal and Joaquín Costa Streets, running water for the Matillas and Californias quarters, public streetlighting, promotion of trade fairs and a first car show, improvements in the Firefighter Brigade, and stabilization of the prices of basic necessities.
At the time of the 18th July Fascist coup, Emiliano tried to defend the city, and took part in the Committee in defense of the city in the Casa del Pueblo, even sending one of the City Councillors, Isidoro García de Albéniz Martínez, to the Guipuzcoan city of Eibar for weapons; the councillor was intercepted on his journey by the insurgents, and he was shot dead in August 1936.
The confrontation on July 19 between those loyal to the Republic and the perpetrators of the coup who had come from Burgos ended in the taking of the city by the insurgents.
Reprisals against the population began with shootings in the area known as La Arboleda. Mayor Emiliano Bajo, various councillors of the Popular Front and militia who defended the city were taken to the Burgos Central Prison.
At the end of August, a summary trial was held for Mayor Emiliano Bajo and another 51 persons.
Sentence was given on September 8, and Emiliano and 42 others were to be condemned to death for “Aiding the Rebellion”.
On September 18 1936, Emiliano Bajo and the 42 condemned men and women were executed by firing squad in the Burgos Central Prison yard, and then taken to the San José Cemetery to be buried in a common grave, where they still remain, 81 years on.
The other councillors were also commemorated, and five streets in the Ronda del Ferrocarril expansion were named in their honour.
In 1931, councillor Eguíluz retired for reasons of ill health; he was the point of reference for socialism in the City of Miranda. He also retired from management of the party. The socialist militants chose Emiliano to replace him. With the proclamation of the Second Republic, he was chosen to be a Councillor in Miranda, and in 1936 he was elected as Mayor to the city.
He was very hard-working, and he combined his tailor’s trade, from which he made a living, with his work as a politician in charge of the City Hall, where he would go early every morning to take an interest in the city’s problems and solve them. Most afternoons he was to be found in the Casa del Pueblo (the Civic House) where he would engage in conversations and listen to proposals from comrades, and also to their complaints.
A cultured man, and a good orator, he was a member of the Izquierda Republicana (Republican Left) Party and he was passionate about culture and the theatre. He worked to relieve workers’ unemployment, in the construction of the Instituto de Enseñanza Media (Secondary School), the subdivision of the Prado district; the construction of the drainage system in Pi y Maragall and Castillo Streets, pavements in Ramón y Cajal and Joaquín Costa Streets, running water for the Matillas and Californias quarters, public streetlighting, promotion of trade fairs and a first car show, improvements in the Firefighter Brigade, and stabilization of the prices of basic necessities.
At the time of the 18th July Fascist coup, Emiliano tried to defend the city, and took part in the Committee in defense of the city in the Casa del Pueblo, even sending one of the City Councillors, Isidoro García de Albéniz Martínez, to the Guipuzcoan city of Eibar for weapons; the councillor was intercepted on his journey by the insurgents, and he was shot dead in August 1936.
The confrontation on July 19 between those loyal to the Republic and the perpetrators of the coup who had come from Burgos ended in the taking of the city by the insurgents.
Reprisals against the population began with shootings in the area known as La Arboleda. Mayor Emiliano Bajo, various councillors of the Popular Front and militia who defended the city were taken to the Burgos Central Prison.
At the end of August, a summary trial was held for Mayor Emiliano Bajo and another 51 persons.
Sentence was given on September 8, and Emiliano and 42 others were to be condemned to death for “Aiding the Rebellion”.
On September 18 1936, Emiliano Bajo and the 42 condemned men and women were executed by firing squad in the Burgos Central Prison yard, and then taken to the San José Cemetery to be buried in a common grave, where they still remain, 81 years on.
The Miranda de Ebro Association for Historical Memory is aware of the historic debt that society owes to all victims of Francoism and their families, in particular to the victims from this city. Therefore, wishing to rescue historic truth from oblivion and restore it to the memory of today’s citizens and for future generations, the association wanted, through the monument and the plaques, to pay homage and express its moral recognition to all the men and women who suffered repression from the Francoist regime, in one way or another, for defending freedom.
The monument in homage to the victims who suffered the repression of the dictatorship and the Civil War was inaugurated in the Emiliano Bajo Park on 17th February 2008.
MONUMENT TO
THE VICTIMS
PLAQUE
The sculpture composition, the work of sculptor Eugenio Cabello Ibáñez, is based on the work ‘Palo Tras Palo’ (meaning both ‘Stick After Stick’ and ‘Blow After Blow’) by the Miranda artist José Manuel Fuentes Fernández.
The ensemble comprises an assembly of six similar parts which are known as “sticks” and which form part of the work’s title. The sculpture is in carbon steel.
Set on each side of the monument, there are two commemorative steel plaques bearing the names of the men and women from Miranda who were victims of reprisals during the civil war, based on the census of those suffering reprisals drawn up by the Miranda Association for Historical Memory.
The plaques were inaugurated on April 14th 2019 in homage to all those suffered at the hands of the dictatorship for defending the Republic and Democracy.
The Miranda de Ebro Association for Historical Memory is aware of the historic debt that society owes to all victims of Francoism and their families, in particular to the victims from this city. Therefore, wishing to rescue historic truth from oblivion and restore it to the memory of today’s citizens and for future generations, the association wanted, through the monument and the plaques, to pay homage and express its moral recognition to all the men and women who suffered repression from the Francoist regime, in one way or another, for defending freedom.
The monument in homage to the victims who suffered the repression of the dictatorship and the Civil War was inaugurated in the Emiliano Bajo Park on 17th February 2008.
The sculpture composition, the work of sculptor Eugenio Cabello Ibáñez, is based on the work ‘Palo Tras Palo’ (meaning both ‘Stick After Stick’ and ‘Blow After Blow’) by the Miranda artist José Manuel Fuentes Fernández.
The ensemble comprises an assembly of six similar parts which are known as “sticks” and which form part of the work’s title. The sculpture is in carbon steel.
Set on each side of the monument, there are two commemorative steel plaques bearing the names of the men and women from Miranda who were victims of reprisals during the civil war, based on the census of those suffering reprisals drawn up by the Miranda Association for Historical Memory.
The plaques were inaugurated on April 14th 2019 in homage to all those suffered at the hands of the dictatorship for defending the Republic and Democracy.
The monument in homage to the victims who suffered the repression of the dictatorship and the Civil War was inaugurated in the Emiliano Bajo Park on 17th February 2008.
The ensemble comprises an assembly of six similar parts which are known as “sticks” and which form part of the work’s title. The sculpture is in carbon steel.
Set on each side of the monument, there are two commemorative steel plaques bearing the names of the men and women from Miranda who were victims of reprisals during the civil war, based on the census of those suffering reprisals drawn up by the Miranda Association for Historical Memory.
The plaques were inaugurated on April 14th 2019 in homage to all those suffered at the hands of the dictatorship for defending the Republic and Democracy.
There a few remains conserved, namely: the elevated water tank, a wash house, the base of a surveillance turret, remains of the perimeter closure wall and of a guards’ corp hut, restored in 2006.
To these remains should be added the monument that the Miranda Izquierda group raised in memory of its prisoners.
VISITABLE
REMAINS
OF THE
CAMP
There a few remains conserved, namely: the elevated water tank, a wash house, the base of a surveillance turret, remains of the perimeter closure wall and of a guards’ corp hut, restored in 2006.
To these remains should be added the monument that the Miranda Izquierda group raised in memory of its prisoners.
VISITABLE REMAINS OF THE CAMP
There a few remains conserved, namely: the elevated water tank, a wash house, the base of a surveillance turret, remains of the perimeter closure wall and of a guards’ corp hut, restored in 2006.
To these remains should be added the monument that the Miranda Izquierda group raised in memory of its prisoners.
VISITORS´
CENTRE
Raimundo Porres Civic Centre
Exterior of Raimundo Porres Civic Centre
All of this is complemented with an area where visitors can consult a bibliography relating to concentration camps, and publications of memoirs put together by prisoners about their life over that period.
In addition to this, the visitors’ centre has audio-guides available in French and English, information sheets, and a visitors’ book for signing.
Visitors can also visit the re-creation of one of the bunkhouses and contemplate elements of the prisoners’ everyday life. Inside the bunkhouse, you can watch the projection of a fragment of the documentary “Ecos de la Memoria”, an interview with Félix Padín, a prisoner of this camp from Miranda, relating his experiences in those days. A production of the Miranda Association of Historical Memory and audiovisual archives.
Further to this, there is an interactive point with images of a municipal roll of inhabitants from 1940, which lists all the people, both prisoners and soldiers, who were to be found in the Concentration Camp at that time.
Exterior of the bunkhouse and full-size figure of a prisoner
Interior of the bunkhouse and the documentary
‘Ecos de la Memoria’
Ilustration of Concentration Camp
Detail of the camp’s wire fence, and documentation
You can delve deeper into the life of the camp through the photographs shown, which have been compiled from different Spanish and European archives (such as Spain’s General Administration Archive, the Brussels War Heritage Archive or the Brussels Cegesoma Centre Archive), and nine reproductions of illustrations made by prisoners.
The display is rounded off by four glass cases exhibiting a range of documentation: prisoners’ personal files, a list of the garments given to the prisoners, reports of the situation of the centre carried out by foreigners (found in the London Max Center Library), documents to be found in the Municipal Archive of the Miranda City Hall relating to the concentration camp, such as an authorisation for the prisoners to clean the River Bayas to avoid the accumulation of excrement generated by the camp, deliveries of straw for mattresses and feed for animals, a letter authorising receipt of payment for the repair of a tap from which water was collected, etc.
There are also postcards sent by the prisoners to members of their families, some donated by the Miranda citizen Alberto Otal Sáez and others from the Municipal Archive; foreign magazines with studies on the camp; a reproduction of a poem by the Peruvian writer César Vallejo included in his posthumous work España, aparta de mí este cáliz (Spain, Take this Cup from Me), inspired by the Spanish Civil War and dedicated to Miranda-born Pedro Rojas, who fought and died in the war; and a box with a wooden chess set, the lid of which includes a drawing with a scene of everyday life there, made by the prisoner Victoriano Titos Almazán, donated by Alberto Otal.
All of this is complemented with an area where visitors can consult a bibliography relating to concentration camps, and publications of memoirs put together by prisoners about their life over that period.
In addition to this, the visitors’ centre has audio-guides available in French and English, information sheets, and a visitors’ book for signing.
Visitors can also visit the re-creation of one of the bunkhouses and contemplate elements of the prisoners’ everyday life. Inside the bunkhouse, you can watch the projection of a fragment of the documentary “Ecos de la Memoria”, an interview with Félix Padín, a prisoner of this camp from Miranda, relating his experiences in those days. A production of the Miranda Association of Historical Memory and audiovisual archives.
Further to this, there is an interactive point with images of a municipal roll of inhabitants from 1940, which lists all the people, both prisoners and soldiers, who were to be found in the Concentration Camp at that time.
You can delve deeper into the life of the camp through the photographs shown, which have been compiled from different Spanish and European archives (such as Spain’s General Administration Archive, the Brussels War Heritage Archive or the Brussels Cegesoma Centre Archive), and nine reproductions of illustrations made by prisoners.
The display is rounded off by four glass cases exhibiting a range of documentation: prisoners’ personal files, a list of the garments given to the prisoners, reports of the situation of the centre carried out by foreigners (found in the London Max Center Library), documents to be found in the Municipal Archive of the Miranda City Hall relating to the concentration camp, such as an authorisation for the prisoners to clean the River Bayas to avoid the accumulation of excrement generated by the camp, deliveries of straw for mattresses and feed for animals, a letter authorising receipt of payment for the repair of a tap from which water was collected, etc.
There are also postcards sent by the prisoners to members of their families, some donated by the Miranda citizen Alberto Otal Sáez and others from the Municipal Archive; foreign magazines with studies on the camp; a reproduction of a poem by the Peruvian writer César Vallejo included in his posthumous work España, aparta de mí este cáliz (Spain, Take this Cup from Me), inspired by the Spanish Civil War and dedicated to Miranda-born Pedro Rojas, who fought and died in the war; and a box with a wooden chess set, the lid of which includes a drawing with a scene of everyday life there, made by the prisoner Victoriano Titos Almazán, donated by Alberto Otal.
VISITORS´ CENTRE
Raimundo Porres Civic Centre
Exterior of Raimundo Porres Civic Centre
All of this is complemented with an area where visitors can consult a bibliography relating to concentration camps, and publications of memoirs put together by prisoners about their life over that period.
In addition to this, the visitors’ centre has audio-guides available in French and English, information sheets, and a visitors’ book for signing.
Exterior of the bunkhouse and full-size figure of a prisoner
Visitors can also visit the re-creation of one of the bunkhouses and contemplate elements of the prisoners’ everyday life. Inside the bunkhouse, you can watch the projection of a fragment of the documentary “Ecos de la Memoria”, an interview with Félix Padín, a prisoner of this camp from Miranda, relating his experiences in those days. A production of the Miranda Association of Historical Memory and audiovisual archives.
Further to this, there is an interactive point with images of a municipal roll of inhabitants from 1940, which lists all the people, both prisoners and soldiers, who were to be found in the Concentration Camp at that time.
Ilustration of Concentration Camp
Detail of the camp’s wire fence, and documentation
The display is rounded off by four glass cases exhibiting a range of documentation: prisoners’ personal files, a list of the garments given to the prisoners, reports of the situation of the centre carried out by foreigners (found in the London Max Center Library), documents to be found in the Municipal Archive of the Miranda City Hall relating to the concentration camp, such as an authorisation for the prisoners to clean the River Bayas to avoid the accumulation of excrement generated by the camp, deliveries of straw for mattresses and feed for animals, a letter authorising receipt of payment for the repair of a tap from which water was collected, etc.
There are also postcards sent by the prisoners to members of their families, some donated by the Miranda citizen Alberto Otal Sáez and others from the Municipal Archive; foreign magazines with studies on the camp; a reproduction of a poem by the Peruvian writer César Vallejo included in his posthumous work España, aparta de mí este cáliz (Spain, Take this Cup from Me), inspired by the Spanish Civil War and dedicated to Miranda-born Pedro Rojas, who fought and died in the war; and a box with a wooden chess set, the lid of which includes a drawing with a scene of everyday life there, made by the prisoner Victoriano Titos Almazán, donated by Alberto Otal.
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