Spaces for Memory

The Garden of Memory in a meeting place dedicated to all those who were deprived of their freedom in the Miranda de Ebro concentration camp between 1937 and 1947.

Over a decade, the camp confined individuals from both the Republican side and members of international brigades, the allied side, Nazis and collaborators, forcing international coexistence.

In order to preserve the memory of all these people, different types of trees have been planted which evoke their countries of origin.

This setting, together with the Visitors’ Centre and the remains of the Concentration Camp that can be visited, are an invitation to the knowledge, the memory and the dialogue of our recent history.
The Garden of Memory and Commemorative Plaque to the prisoners of all nationalities

THE GARDEN

OF MEMORY

Wall for memory of Concentration Camp
The Garden of Memory in a meeting place dedicated to all those who were deprived of their freedom in the Miranda de Ebro concentration camp between 1937 and 1947.

Over a decade, the camp confined individuals from both the Republican side and members of international brigades, the allied side, Nazis and collaborators, forcing international coexistence.

In order to preserve the memory of all these people, different types of trees have been planted which evoke their countries of origin.

This setting, together with the Visitors’ Centre and the remains of the Concentration Camp that can be visited, are an invitation to the knowledge, the memory and the dialogue of our recent history.
THE GARDEN OF MEMORY
The Garden of Memory and Commemorative Plaque to the prisoners of all nationalities
The Garden of Memory in a meeting place dedicated to all those who were deprived of their freedom in the Miranda de Ebro concentration camp between 1937 and 1947.

Over a decade, the camp confined individuals from both the Republican side and members of international brigades, the allied side, Nazis and collaborators, forcing international coexistence.

In order to preserve the memory of all these people, different types of trees have been planted which evoke their countries of origin.

This setting, together with the Visitors’ Centre and the remains of the Concentration Camp that can be visited, are an invitation to the knowledge, the memory and the dialogue of our recent history.
Wall for memory of Concentration Camp
EMILIANO
BAJO
PARK
Panoramic view of Emiliano Bajo Park
In 2006, in memory of and in homage to the Municipal Corporation which sacrificed itself to try to protect democracy and freedom in the city, the largest park in the city was inaugurated, and given the same name as the last Republican mayor, Emiliano Bajo.

The other councillors were also commemorated, and five streets in the Ronda del Ferrocarril expansion were named in their honour.
Emiliano Bajo Iglesias was born in Miranda de Ebro on July 20, 1889. His parents were Zoilo and María, and after some years living in Cuba, he settled in Miranda as a tailor. He married Natalia Quecedo and they had 2 children.

In 1931, councillor Eguíluz retired for reasons of ill health; he was the point of reference for socialism in the City of Miranda. He also retired from management of the party. The socialist militants chose Emiliano to replace him. With the proclamation of the Second Republic, he was chosen to be a Councillor in Miranda, and in 1936 he was elected as Mayor to the city.

He was very hard-working, and he combined his tailor’s trade, from which he made a living, with his work as a politician in charge of the City Hall, where he would go early every morning to take an interest in the city’s problems and solve them. Most afternoons he was to be found in the Casa del Pueblo (the Civic House) where he would engage in conversations and listen to proposals from comrades, and also to their complaints.

A cultured man, and a good orator, he was a member of the Izquierda Republicana (Republican Left) Party and he was passionate about culture and the theatre. He worked to relieve workers’ unemployment, in the construction of the Instituto de Enseñanza Media (Secondary School), the subdivision of the Prado district; the construction of the drainage system in Pi y Maragall and Castillo Streets, pavements in Ramón y Cajal and Joaquín Costa Streets, running water for the Matillas and Californias quarters, public streetlighting, promotion of trade fairs and a first car show, improvements in the Firefighter Brigade, and stabilization of the prices of basic necessities.

Miranda de Ebro Municipal Corporation in 1931.

Emiliano is the fifth from the right

Monolith with a commemorative plaque to Emiliano Bajo
On May 23rd 1936, there was an assassination attempt on Emiliano Bajo by a member of the CEDA (Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Rights) who stabbed him in the back.

At the time of the 18th July Fascist coup, Emiliano tried to defend the city, and took part in the Committee in defense of the city in the Casa del Pueblo, even sending one of the City Councillors, Isidoro García de Albéniz Martínez, to the Guipuzcoan city of Eibar for weapons; the councillor was intercepted on his journey by the insurgents, and he was shot dead in August 1936.
The confrontation on July 19 between those loyal to the Republic and the perpetrators of the coup who had come from Burgos ended in the taking of the city by the insurgents.
Reprisals against the population began with shootings in the area known as La Arboleda. Mayor Emiliano Bajo, various councillors of the Popular Front and militia who defended the city were taken to the Burgos Central Prison.

At the end of August, a summary trial was held for Mayor Emiliano Bajo and another 51 persons.
Sentence was given on September 8, and Emiliano and 42 others were to be condemned to death for “Aiding the Rebellion”.
On September 18 1936, Emiliano Bajo and the 42 condemned men and women were executed by firing squad in the Burgos Central Prison yard, and then taken to the San José Cemetery to be buried in a common grave, where they still remain, 81 years on.
In 2006, in memory of and in homage to the Municipal Corporation which sacrificed itself to try to protect democracy and freedom in the city, the largest park in the city was inaugurated, and given the same name as the last Republican mayor, Emiliano Bajo.

The other councillors were also commemorated, and five streets in the Ronda del Ferrocarril expansion were named in their honour.
Emiliano Bajo Iglesias was born in Miranda de Ebro on July 20, 1889. His parents were Zoilo and María, and after some years living in Cuba, he settled in Miranda as a tailor. He married Natalia Quecedo and they had 2 children.

In 1931, councillor Eguíluz retired for reasons of ill health; he was the point of reference for socialism in the City of Miranda. He also retired from management of the party. The socialist militants chose Emiliano to replace him. With the proclamation of the Second Republic, he was chosen to be a Councillor in Miranda, and in 1936 he was elected as Mayor to the city.

He was very hard-working, and he combined his tailor’s trade, from which he made a living, with his work as a politician in charge of the City Hall, where he would go early every morning to take an interest in the city’s problems and solve them. Most afternoons he was to be found in the Casa del Pueblo (the Civic House) where he would engage in conversations and listen to proposals from comrades, and also to their complaints.

A cultured man, and a good orator, he was a member of the Izquierda Republicana (Republican Left) Party and he was passionate about culture and the theatre. He worked to relieve workers’ unemployment, in the construction of the Instituto de Enseñanza Media (Secondary School), the subdivision of the Prado district; the construction of the drainage system in Pi y Maragall and Castillo Streets, pavements in Ramón y Cajal and Joaquín Costa Streets, running water for the Matillas and Californias quarters, public streetlighting, promotion of trade fairs and a first car show, improvements in the Firefighter Brigade, and stabilization of the prices of basic necessities.
On May 23rd 1936, there was an assassination attempt on Emiliano Bajo by a member of the CEDA (Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Rights) who stabbed him in the back.

At the time of the 18th July Fascist coup, Emiliano tried to defend the city, and took part in the Committee in defense of the city in the Casa del Pueblo, even sending one of the City Councillors, Isidoro García de Albéniz Martínez, to the Guipuzcoan city of Eibar for weapons; the councillor was intercepted on his journey by the insurgents, and he was shot dead in August 1936.
The confrontation on July 19 between those loyal to the Republic and the perpetrators of the coup who had come from Burgos ended in the taking of the city by the insurgents.
Reprisals against the population began with shootings in the area known as La Arboleda. Mayor Emiliano Bajo, various councillors of the Popular Front and militia who defended the city were taken to the Burgos Central Prison.

At the end of August, a summary trial was held for Mayor Emiliano Bajo and another 51 persons.
Sentence was given on September 8, and Emiliano and 42 others were to be condemned to death for “Aiding the Rebellion”.
On September 18 1936, Emiliano Bajo and the 42 condemned men and women were executed by firing squad in the Burgos Central Prison yard, and then taken to the San José Cemetery to be buried in a common grave, where they still remain, 81 years on.
EMILIANO BAJO PARK
Panoramic view of Emiliano Bajo Park
In 2006, in memory of and in homage to the Municipal Corporation which sacrificed itself to try to protect democracy and freedom in the city, the largest park in the city was inaugurated, and given the same name as the last Republican mayor, Emiliano Bajo.

The other councillors were also commemorated, and five streets in the Ronda del Ferrocarril expansion were named in their honour.
Miranda de Ebro Municipal Corporation in 1931. Emiliano is the fifth from the right
Emiliano Bajo Iglesias was born in Miranda de Ebro on July 20, 1889. His parents were Zoilo and María, and after some years living in Cuba, he settled in Miranda as a tailor. He married Natalia Quecedo and they had 2 children.

In 1931, councillor Eguíluz retired for reasons of ill health; he was the point of reference for socialism in the City of Miranda. He also retired from management of the party. The socialist militants chose Emiliano to replace him. With the proclamation of the Second Republic, he was chosen to be a Councillor in Miranda, and in 1936 he was elected as Mayor to the city.

He was very hard-working, and he combined his tailor’s trade, from which he made a living, with his work as a politician in charge of the City Hall, where he would go early every morning to take an interest in the city’s problems and solve them. Most afternoons he was to be found in the Casa del Pueblo (the Civic House) where he would engage in conversations and listen to proposals from comrades, and also to their complaints.

A cultured man, and a good orator, he was a member of the Izquierda Republicana (Republican Left) Party and he was passionate about culture and the theatre. He worked to relieve workers’ unemployment, in the construction of the Instituto de Enseñanza Media (Secondary School), the subdivision of the Prado district; the construction of the drainage system in Pi y Maragall and Castillo Streets, pavements in Ramón y Cajal and Joaquín Costa Streets, running water for the Matillas and Californias quarters, public streetlighting, promotion of trade fairs and a first car show, improvements in the Firefighter Brigade, and stabilization of the prices of basic necessities.
Monolith with a commemorative plaque to Emiliano Bajo
On May 23rd 1936, there was an assassination attempt on Emiliano Bajo by a member of the CEDA (Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Rights) who stabbed him in the back.

At the time of the 18th July Fascist coup, Emiliano tried to defend the city, and took part in the Committee in defense of the city in the Casa del Pueblo, even sending one of the City Councillors, Isidoro García de Albéniz Martínez, to the Guipuzcoan city of Eibar for weapons; the councillor was intercepted on his journey by the insurgents, and he was shot dead in August 1936.
The confrontation on July 19 between those loyal to the Republic and the perpetrators of the coup who had come from Burgos ended in the taking of the city by the insurgents.
Reprisals against the population began with shootings in the area known as La Arboleda. Mayor Emiliano Bajo, various councillors of the Popular Front and militia who defended the city were taken to the Burgos Central Prison.

At the end of August, a summary trial was held for Mayor Emiliano Bajo and another 51 persons.
Sentence was given on September 8, and Emiliano and 42 others were to be condemned to death for “Aiding the Rebellion”.
On September 18 1936, Emiliano Bajo and the 42 condemned men and women were executed by firing squad in the Burgos Central Prison yard, and then taken to the San José Cemetery to be buried in a common grave, where they still remain, 81 years on.

The Miranda de Ebro Association for Historical Memory is aware of the historic debt that society owes to all victims of Francoism and their families, in particular to the victims from this city. Therefore, wishing to rescue historic truth from oblivion and restore it to the memory of today’s citizens and for future generations, the association wanted, through the monument and the plaques, to pay homage and express its moral recognition to all the men and women who suffered repression from the Francoist regime, in one way or another, for defending freedom.

The monument in homage to the victims who suffered the repression of the dictatorship and the Civil War was inaugurated in the Emiliano Bajo Park on 17th February 2008.

MONUMENT TO

THE VICTIMS

The monument in homage to the victims in Emiliano Bajo Park
COMMEMORATIVE
PLAQUE
Commemorative plaque with the names of victims of repression from Miranda de Ebro

The sculpture composition, the work of sculptor Eugenio Cabello Ibáñez, is based on the work ‘Palo Tras Palo’ (meaning both ‘Stick After Stick’ and ‘Blow After Blow’) by the Miranda artist José Manuel Fuentes Fernández.
The ensemble comprises an assembly of six similar parts which are known as “sticks” and which form part of the work’s title. The sculpture is in carbon steel.

Set on each side of the monument, there are two commemorative steel plaques bearing the names of the men and women from Miranda who were victims of reprisals during the civil war, based on the census of those suffering reprisals drawn up by the Miranda Association for Historical Memory.

The plaques were inaugurated on April 14th 2019 in homage to all those suffered at the hands of the dictatorship for defending the Republic and Democracy.

The Miranda de Ebro Association for Historical Memory is aware of the historic debt that society owes to all victims of Francoism and their families, in particular to the victims from this city. Therefore, wishing to rescue historic truth from oblivion and restore it to the memory of today’s citizens and for future generations, the association wanted, through the monument and the plaques, to pay homage and express its moral recognition to all the men and women who suffered repression from the Francoist regime, in one way or another, for defending freedom.

The monument in homage to the victims who suffered the repression of the dictatorship and the Civil War was inaugurated in the Emiliano Bajo Park on 17th February 2008.

The sculpture composition, the work of sculptor Eugenio Cabello Ibáñez, is based on the work ‘Palo Tras Palo’ (meaning both ‘Stick After Stick’ and ‘Blow After Blow’) by the Miranda artist José Manuel Fuentes Fernández.
The ensemble comprises an assembly of six similar parts which are known as “sticks” and which form part of the work’s title. The sculpture is in carbon steel.

Set on each side of the monument, there are two commemorative steel plaques bearing the names of the men and women from Miranda who were victims of reprisals during the civil war, based on the census of those suffering reprisals drawn up by the Miranda Association for Historical Memory.

The plaques were inaugurated on April 14th 2019 in homage to all those suffered at the hands of the dictatorship for defending the Republic and Democracy.

MONUMENT TO THE VICTIMS
The monument in homage to the victims in Emiliano Bajo Park
The Miranda de Ebro Association for Historical Memory is aware of the historic debt that society owes to all victims of Francoism and their families, in particular to the victims from this city. Therefore, wishing to rescue historic truth from oblivion and restore it to the memory of today’s citizens and for future generations, the association wanted, through the monument and the plaques, to pay homage and express its moral recognition to all the men and women who suffered repression from the Francoist regime, in one way or another, for defending freedom.

The monument in homage to the victims who suffered the repression of the dictatorship and the Civil War was inaugurated in the Emiliano Bajo Park on 17th February 2008.
COMMEMORATIVE PLAQUE
Commemorative plaque with the names of victims of repression from Miranda de Ebro
The sculpture composition, the work of sculptor Eugenio Cabello Ibáñez, is based on the work ‘Palo Tras Palo’ (meaning both ‘Stick After Stick’ and ‘Blow After Blow’) by the Miranda artist José Manuel Fuentes Fernández.
The ensemble comprises an assembly of six similar parts which are known as “sticks” and which form part of the work’s title. The sculpture is in carbon steel.

Set on each side of the monument, there are two commemorative steel plaques bearing the names of the men and women from Miranda who were victims of reprisals during the civil war, based on the census of those suffering reprisals drawn up by the Miranda Association for Historical Memory.

The plaques were inaugurated on April 14th 2019 in homage to all those suffered at the hands of the dictatorship for defending the Republic and Democracy.
In 1952, after functioning briefly as a barracks, the land on which the camp was built was recovered by its old owners, who reinstalled a factory complex.

There a few remains conserved, namely: the elevated water tank, a wash house, the base of a surveillance turret, remains of the perimeter closure wall and of a guards’ corp hut, restored in 2006.

To these remains should be added the monument that the Miranda Izquierda group raised in memory of its prisoners.

VISITABLE

REMAINS

OF THE

CAMP

The elevated water tank which supplied the Concentration Camp
Remains of one of the Concentration Camp’s wash houses
In 1952, after functioning briefly as a barracks, the land on which the camp was built was recovered by its old owners, who reinstalled a factory complex.

There a few remains conserved, namely: the elevated water tank, a wash house, the base of a surveillance turret, remains of the perimeter closure wall and of a guards’ corp hut, restored in 2006.

To these remains should be added the monument that the Miranda Izquierda group raised in memory of its prisoners.

VISITABLE REMAINS OF THE CAMP

The elevated water tank which supplied the Concentration Camp
In 1952, after functioning briefly as a barracks, the land on which the camp was built was recovered by its old owners, who reinstalled a factory complex.

There a few remains conserved, namely: the elevated water tank, a wash house, the base of a surveillance turret, remains of the perimeter closure wall and of a guards’ corp hut, restored in 2006.

To these remains should be added the monument that the Miranda Izquierda group raised in memory of its prisoners.
Remains of one of the Concentration Camp’s wash houses

VISITORS´

CENTRE

Raimundo Porres Civic Centre

Exterior of Raimundo Porres Civic Centre

The Visitors’ Centre is located on the ground floor of the Raimundo Porres Civic Centre. Visitors can make a journey through the history of the camp, with the help of original documents, real objects, and graphic and sound archives relating to the concentration camp.

All of this is complemented with an area where visitors can consult a bibliography relating to concentration camps, and publications of memoirs put together by prisoners about their life over that period.

In addition to this, the visitors’ centre has audio-guides available in French and English, information sheets, and a visitors’ book for signing.
Surrounding the room is a figurative representation of the wire which surrounded the camp and there is a model of the camp in the centre, three reproductions of the surveillance turrets and full-size figures representing a prisoner and a soldier.

Visitors can also visit the re-creation of one of the bunkhouses and contemplate elements of the prisoners’ everyday life. Inside the bunkhouse, you can watch the projection of a fragment of the documentary “Ecos de la Memoria”, an interview with Félix Padín, a prisoner of this camp from Miranda, relating his experiences in those days. A production of the Miranda Association of Historical Memory and audiovisual archives.

Further to this, there is an interactive point with images of a municipal roll of inhabitants from 1940, which lists all the people, both prisoners and soldiers, who were to be found in the Concentration Camp at that time.

Exterior of the bunkhouse and full-size figure of a prisoner

Interior of the bunkhouse and the documentary
‘Ecos de la Memoria’

Ilustration of Concentration Camp

Detail of the camp’s wire fence, and documentation

You can delve deeper into the life of the camp through the photographs shown, which have been compiled from different Spanish and European archives (such as Spain’s General Administration Archive, the Brussels War Heritage Archive or the Brussels Cegesoma Centre Archive), and nine reproductions of illustrations made by prisoners.

The display is rounded off by four glass cases exhibiting a range of documentation: prisoners’ personal files, a list of the garments given to the prisoners, reports of the situation of the centre carried out by foreigners (found in the London Max Center Library), documents to be found in the Municipal Archive of the Miranda City Hall relating to the concentration camp, such as an authorisation for the prisoners to clean the River Bayas to avoid the accumulation of excrement generated by the camp, deliveries of straw for mattresses and feed for animals, a letter authorising receipt of payment for the repair of a tap from which water was collected, etc.

There are also postcards sent by the prisoners to members of their families, some donated by the Miranda citizen Alberto Otal Sáez and others from the Municipal Archive; foreign magazines with studies on the camp; a reproduction of a poem by the Peruvian writer César Vallejo included in his posthumous work España, aparta de mí este cáliz (Spain, Take this Cup from Me), inspired by the Spanish Civil War and dedicated to Miranda-born Pedro Rojas, who fought and died in the war; and a box with a wooden chess set, the lid of which includes a drawing with a scene of everyday life there, made by the prisoner Victoriano Titos Almazán, donated by Alberto Otal.

The Visitors’ Centre is located on the ground floor of the Raimundo Porres Civic Centre. Visitors can make a journey through the history of the camp, with the help of original documents, real objects, and graphic and sound archives relating to the concentration camp.

All of this is complemented with an area where visitors can consult a bibliography relating to concentration camps, and publications of memoirs put together by prisoners about their life over that period.

In addition to this, the visitors’ centre has audio-guides available in French and English, information sheets, and a visitors’ book for signing.
Surrounding the room is a figurative representation of the wire which surrounded the camp and there is a model of the camp in the centre, three reproductions of the surveillance turrets and full-size figures representing a prisoner and a soldier.

Visitors can also visit the re-creation of one of the bunkhouses and contemplate elements of the prisoners’ everyday life. Inside the bunkhouse, you can watch the projection of a fragment of the documentary “Ecos de la Memoria”, an interview with Félix Padín, a prisoner of this camp from Miranda, relating his experiences in those days. A production of the Miranda Association of Historical Memory and audiovisual archives.

Further to this, there is an interactive point with images of a municipal roll of inhabitants from 1940, which lists all the people, both prisoners and soldiers, who were to be found in the Concentration Camp at that time.

You can delve deeper into the life of the camp through the photographs shown, which have been compiled from different Spanish and European archives (such as Spain’s General Administration Archive, the Brussels War Heritage Archive or the Brussels Cegesoma Centre Archive), and nine reproductions of illustrations made by prisoners.

The display is rounded off by four glass cases exhibiting a range of documentation: prisoners’ personal files, a list of the garments given to the prisoners, reports of the situation of the centre carried out by foreigners (found in the London Max Center Library), documents to be found in the Municipal Archive of the Miranda City Hall relating to the concentration camp, such as an authorisation for the prisoners to clean the River Bayas to avoid the accumulation of excrement generated by the camp, deliveries of straw for mattresses and feed for animals, a letter authorising receipt of payment for the repair of a tap from which water was collected, etc.

There are also postcards sent by the prisoners to members of their families, some donated by the Miranda citizen Alberto Otal Sáez and others from the Municipal Archive; foreign magazines with studies on the camp; a reproduction of a poem by the Peruvian writer César Vallejo included in his posthumous work España, aparta de mí este cáliz (Spain, Take this Cup from Me), inspired by the Spanish Civil War and dedicated to Miranda-born Pedro Rojas, who fought and died in the war; and a box with a wooden chess set, the lid of which includes a drawing with a scene of everyday life there, made by the prisoner Victoriano Titos Almazán, donated by Alberto Otal.

VISITORS´ CENTRE

Raimundo Porres Civic Centre

Exterior of Raimundo Porres Civic Centre

The Visitors’ Centre is located on the ground floor of the Raimundo Porres Civic Centre. Visitors can make a journey through the history of the camp, with the help of original documents, real objects, and graphic and sound archives relating to the concentration camp.

All of this is complemented with an area where visitors can consult a bibliography relating to concentration camps, and publications of memoirs put together by prisoners about their life over that period.

In addition to this, the visitors’ centre has audio-guides available in French and English, information sheets, and a visitors’ book for signing.
Interior of the bunkhouse and the documentary ‘Ecos de la Memoria’

Exterior of the bunkhouse and full-size figure of a prisoner

Surrounding the room is a figurative representation of the wire which surrounded the camp and there is a model of the camp in the centre, three reproductions of the surveillance turrets and full-size figures representing a prisoner and a soldier.

Visitors can also visit the re-creation of one of the bunkhouses and contemplate elements of the prisoners’ everyday life. Inside the bunkhouse, you can watch the projection of a fragment of the documentary “Ecos de la Memoria”, an interview with Félix Padín, a prisoner of this camp from Miranda, relating his experiences in those days. A production of the Miranda Association of Historical Memory and audiovisual archives.

Further to this, there is an interactive point with images of a municipal roll of inhabitants from 1940, which lists all the people, both prisoners and soldiers, who were to be found in the Concentration Camp at that time.

Ilustration of Concentration Camp

Detail of the camp’s wire fence, and documentation

You can delve deeper into the life of the camp through the photographs shown, which have been compiled from different Spanish and European archives (such as Spain’s General Administration Archive, the Brussels War Heritage Archive or the Brussels Cegesoma Centre Archive), and nine reproductions of illustrations made by prisoners.

The display is rounded off by four glass cases exhibiting a range of documentation: prisoners’ personal files, a list of the garments given to the prisoners, reports of the situation of the centre carried out by foreigners (found in the London Max Center Library), documents to be found in the Municipal Archive of the Miranda City Hall relating to the concentration camp, such as an authorisation for the prisoners to clean the River Bayas to avoid the accumulation of excrement generated by the camp, deliveries of straw for mattresses and feed for animals, a letter authorising receipt of payment for the repair of a tap from which water was collected, etc.

There are also postcards sent by the prisoners to members of their families, some donated by the Miranda citizen Alberto Otal Sáez and others from the Municipal Archive; foreign magazines with studies on the camp; a reproduction of a poem by the Peruvian writer César Vallejo included in his posthumous work España, aparta de mí este cáliz (Spain, Take this Cup from Me), inspired by the Spanish Civil War and dedicated to Miranda-born Pedro Rojas, who fought and died in the war; and a box with a wooden chess set, the lid of which includes a drawing with a scene of everyday life there, made by the prisoner Victoriano Titos Almazán, donated by Alberto Otal.

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